Currency pair (“fiber”) · direct ECB reference rate

What is the EUR/USD reference rate and how has it moved?

The EUR/USD reference rate was 1.12530 on 16 Oct 2026: one EUR was worth 1.12530 USD. That is 3.4% below a year earlier and 10% of the way up its 52-week range. Annualised volatility over the year was 5.5%.

EUR/USD · 16 Oct 2026: 1.12530Previous fixing 1.12080 (15 Oct 2026) · ▲ +0.40%
12-month change: ▼ −3.4%from 1.16490 on 16 Oct 2025
52-week range: 1.11770–1.19740low 7 Oct 2026 · high 28 Jan 2026
Volatility, 1 yr: 5.5%annualised; full-year average since 2016: 7.4%

The past twelve months

Daily ECB reference fixings, 16 Oct 2025 – 16 Oct 2026 (255 fixings). Yellow dot: latest.

What the record shows

Over the past year EUR/USD has been calmer than usual: 5.5% annualised volatility against a 7.4% average for full calendar years since 2016. Its calmest full year was 2019 (5.0%) and its busiest 2022 (10.3%).
Since 4 Jan 2016 the rate has ranged from 0.95650 (28 Sept 2022) to 1.24930 (15 Feb 2018). Today's fixing is higher than 51% of the 2,763 daily fixings in that period.
Five years ago, on 15 Oct 2021, the fixing was 1.16020, so the rate is 3.0% below that level. Over one month it is ▼ −2.46% (from 1.15370 on 16 Sept 2026).
The largest single-day move of the past year was on 8 Apr 2026: 1.15570 → 1.17060 (▲ +1.29%).
Read the other way round, 1 USD was worth 0.88865 EUR on 16 Oct 2026 (USD/EUR).

How is the EUR/USD figure on this page produced?

The ECB publishes EUR/USD directly as one of its euro foreign exchange reference rates: 1.12530 USD per euro on 16 Oct 2026. The page shows that figure unchanged. Reference rates are set around 14:10 CET on TARGET business days, from a regular concertation between central banks, and the ECB states they are published for information purposes only.

Year by year

EUR/USD yearly close, change, high, low, average and volatility
Year	Close	Change	High	Low	Average	Vol.
2026 to date	1.12530	▼ −4.2%	1.19740 28 Jan	1.11770 7 Oct	1.15871	5.1%
2025	1.17500	▲ +13.1%	1.18370 17 Sept	1.01980 13 Jan	1.12998	7.9%
2024	1.03890	▼ −6.0%	1.11960 30 Sept	1.03890 31 Dec	1.08238	6.0%
2023	1.10500	▲ +3.6%	1.12550 18 Jul	1.04690 3 Oct	1.08127	7.7%
2022	1.06660	▼ −5.8%	1.14640 4 Feb	0.95650 28 Sept	1.05305	10.3%
2021	1.13260	▼ −7.7%	1.23380 6 Jan	1.12060 24 Nov	1.18274	5.3%
2020	1.22710	▲ +9.2%	1.22810 30 Dec	1.07070 20 Mar	1.14220	7.8%
2019	1.12340	▼ −1.9%	1.15350 10 Jan	1.08890 30 Sept	1.11947	5.0%
2018	1.14500	▼ −4.5%	1.24930 15 Feb	1.12610 13 Nov	1.18095	7.4%
2017	1.19930	▲ +13.8%	1.20600 8 Sept	1.03850 3 Jan	1.12968	7.3%
2016	1.05410	—	1.15690 3 May	1.03640 20 Dec	1.10690	9.2%

Change = last fixing of the year against the last fixing of the previous year (2016 has no prior close in this record). Vol. = annualised standard deviation of daily log changes within the year. 2026 runs to 16 Oct 2026.

Since January 2016

ECB reference fixings, thinned to about every fifth fixing for drawing; the tables use every fixing.

Largest one-day moves since 2016

Date	From	To	Move
11 Nov 2022	0.99540	1.03080	▲ +3.56%
24 Jun 2016	1.13890	1.10660	▼ −2.84%
3 Apr 2025	1.08030	1.10970	▲ +2.72%
4 Feb 2016	1.09330	1.12060	▲ +2.50%
11 Apr 2025	1.10820	1.13460	▲ +2.38%

Moves are measured between consecutive ECB fixings, so a move after a holiday can span more than one calendar day.

Sources

European Central Bank — euro foreign exchange reference rates (series EXR.D.USD.EUR.SP00.A, retrieved 16 Oct 2026 via the ECB Data Portal).
Method for crosses, ranges and volatility: methodology.